Biomarcadores de última generación y terapias dirigidas en el manejo del cáncer cervical

Abstract

INTRODUCTION. Cervical cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality among women worldwide. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is recognized as the primary etiological agent, with genotypes 16 and 18 being the most prevalent, accounting for 71% of cervical cancer cases. OBJECTIVE. To evaluate the available scientific evidence regarding advances in biomarkers and targeted therapies for cervical cancer. METHODS. A systematic literature review was conducted using the PRISMA methodology by searching for articles in the WOS, Scopus, PubMed, ProQuest, Embase, Redalyc, Ovid, Medline, DynaMed, and ClinicalKey databases covering the period from 2017 to 2025. RESULTS. The systematic review yielded a total of 31,431 records, of which 95 were deemed eligible; among these, 50 did not provide new data, resulting in the inclusion of 45 scientific articles. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. Biomarkers such as miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs are being used for diagnostic and prognostic purposes in cervical cancer. Likewise, novel immunotherapies and targeted treatments—including monoclonal antibodies, PARP inhibitors, immune checkpoint inhibitors (anti-PD-1/PD-L1, anti-CTLA-4), and vaccines—have shown promising results in patients with advanced-stage cervical cancer.